diff --git a/ofdgo_page.go b/ofdgo_page.go
index d792e5c..4e6a2d2 100644
--- a/ofdgo_page.go
+++ b/ofdgo_page.go
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ type TextObject struct {
 	Boundary      string        `xml:"Boundary,attr"`
 	DrawParam     string        `xml:"DrawParam,attr"`
 	LineWidth     float64       `xml:"LineWidth,attr"`
+	Join          string        `xml:"Join,attr"`
+	MiterLimit    float64       `xml:"MiterLimit,attr"`
 	Font          string        `xml:"Font,attr"`
 	Size          float64       `xml:"Size,attr"`
 	Weight        int           `xml:"Weight,attr"`
diff --git a/ofdgo_paint.go b/ofdgo_paint.go
index a163b3f..ced31db 100644
--- a/ofdgo_paint.go
+++ b/ofdgo_paint.go
@@ -215,18 +215,18 @@ func (r *Renderer) parseStrokePaint(strokeColor *StrokeColor, x, y, pageH float6
 
 type patternPaint struct {
 	*Pattern
-	color color.Color
+	color FillColor
 	alpha *int
 }
 
 // parsePatternPaint 解析底纹画刷
-// 入参: pattern 底纹对象, value 颜色值, index 调色板索引, space 颜色空间标识, alpha 透明度
+// 入参: fill 填充颜色节点
 // 返回: *patternPaint 底纹画刷
-func (r *Renderer) parsePatternPaint(pattern *Pattern, value string, index *int, space string, alpha *int) *patternPaint {
-	if pattern == nil {
+func parsePatternPaint(fill *FillColor) *patternPaint {
+	if fill.Pattern == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return &patternPaint{Pattern: pattern, color: r.parseColorWithAlpha(value, index, space, nil), alpha: alpha}
+	return &patternPaint{Pattern: fill.Pattern, color: FillColor{Value: fill.Value, Index: fill.Index, ColorSpace: fill.ColorSpace}, alpha: fill.Alpha}
 }
 
 // parseShdColor 解析渐变颜色
@@ -299,21 +299,15 @@ func (r *Renderer) parseAxialShdGradient(axialShd *AxialShd, alpha *int, x, y, p
 }
 
 // axialShdClip 获取轴向渐变的延伸裁剪区域
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, gradient 轴向渐变, extend 延伸方向
+// 入参: gradient 轴向渐变, extend 延伸方向, bounds 可见区域
 // 返回: *canvas.Path 裁剪区域
-func axialShdClip(ctx *canvas.Context, gradient *canvas.LinearGradient, extend int) *canvas.Path {
+func axialShdClip(gradient *canvas.LinearGradient, extend int, bounds canvas.Rect) *canvas.Path {
 	if extend == 3 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	d := gradient.End.Sub(gradient.Start)
 	axis := canvas.Matrix{{d.X, -d.Y, gradient.Start.X}, {d.Y, d.X, gradient.Start.Y}}
-	origin := ctx.CoordView().Dot(canvas.Point{})
-	view := ctx.CoordSystemView().Mul(ctx.View()).Translate(origin.X, origin.Y).Mul(axis)
-	if view.Det() == 0 {
-		return &canvas.Path{}
-	}
-	width, height := ctx.Size()
-	area := (canvas.Rect{X1: width, Y1: height}).Transform(view.Inv())
+	area := bounds.Transform(axis.Inv())
 	if extend&1 == 0 {
 		area.X0 = math.Max(area.X0, 0)
 	}
diff --git a/ofdgo_renderer.go b/ofdgo_renderer.go
index 1a12029..480c1c6 100644
--- a/ofdgo_renderer.go
+++ b/ofdgo_renderer.go
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPageToContext(ctx *canvas.Context, page *PageContent, d
 	}
 	if page.Content.Layer != nil {
 		for _, layer := range page.Content.Layer {
-			r.renderLayer(ctx, layer, pageH, nil, nil, 0, nil)
+			r.renderLayer(ctx, layer, pageH, nil, nil)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(page.Template) > 0 && r.Reader.doc != nil {
diff --git a/ofdgo_renderer_layer.go b/ofdgo_renderer_layer.go
index ca968ac..c1e4545 100644
--- a/ofdgo_renderer_layer.go
+++ b/ofdgo_renderer_layer.go
@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@
 
 package ofdgo
 
-import (
-	"image/color"
-
-	"github.com/tdewolff/canvas"
-)
+import "github.com/tdewolff/canvas"
 
 // renderAnnotations 渲染页面注释外观
 // 入参: ctx 画布上下文, pageID 页面ID, pageH 页面高度
@@ -30,7 +26,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderAnnotations(ctx *canvas.Context, pageID string, pageH f
 		box, _ := ParseBox(annot.Appearance.Boundary)
 		ctm := Matrix{a: 1, d: 1, e: box.X, f: box.Y}
 		for _, obj := range annot.Appearance.Objects {
-			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, nil, nil, 0, &ctm, false, nil)
+			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, nil, &ctm, false, nil)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -59,38 +55,38 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderTemplate(ctx *canvas.Context, templateID string, pageH
 	}
 	if tplContent.Content.Layer != nil {
 		for _, layer := range tplContent.Content.Layer {
-			r.renderLayer(ctx, layer, pageH, nil, nil, 0, nil)
+			r.renderLayer(ctx, layer, pageH, nil, nil)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // renderLayer 渲染图层
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, layer 图层对象, pageH 页面高度, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽, parentCTM 父级CTM
-func (r *Renderer) renderLayer(ctx *canvas.Context, layer Layer, pageH float64, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, parentCTM *Matrix) {
-	defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW = r.drawParamDefaults(layer.DrawParam, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW)
+// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, layer 图层对象, pageH 页面高度, defaults 默认绘制参数, parentCTM 父级CTM
+func (r *Renderer) renderLayer(ctx *canvas.Context, layer Layer, pageH float64, defaults *DrawParam, parentCTM *Matrix) {
+	defaults = r.drawParamDefaults(layer.DrawParam, defaults)
 	if len(layer.Objects) > 0 {
 		for _, obj := range layer.Objects {
-			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, parentCTM, false, nil)
+			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, false, nil)
 		}
 		return
 	}
 	for _, textObj := range layer.TextObject {
-		r.renderText(ctx, textObj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, parentCTM, false, nil)
+		r.renderText(ctx, textObj, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, false, nil)
 	}
 	for _, pathObj := range layer.PathObject {
-		r.renderPath(ctx, pathObj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, parentCTM, false, nil)
+		r.renderPath(ctx, pathObj, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, false, nil)
 	}
 	for _, imgObj := range layer.ImageObject {
 		r.renderImage(ctx, imgObj, pageH, parentCTM, false, nil)
 	}
 	for _, cgu := range layer.CompositeGraphicUnit {
-		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, cgu, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, parentCTM, false, nil)
+		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, cgu, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, false, nil)
 	}
 }
 
 // renderCompositeGraphicUnit 渲染复合图元
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, cgu 复合图元对象, pageH 页面高度, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
-func (r *Renderer) renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx *canvas.Context, cgu CompositeGraphicUnit, pageH float64, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
+// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, cgu 复合图元对象, pageH 页面高度, defaults 默认绘制参数, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
+func (r *Renderer) renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx *canvas.Context, cgu CompositeGraphicUnit, pageH float64, defaults *DrawParam, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
 	if cgu.Visible != nil && !*cgu.Visible {
 		return
 	}
@@ -109,18 +105,18 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx *canvas.Context, cgu Composite
 		clips, clipCTM = &clipCopy, boundaryCTM
 	}
 	clipPath := intersectClipPath(parentClip, r.buildClipPath(clips, pageH, 0, 0, clipCTM))
+	defaults = r.drawParamDefaults(cgu.DrawParam, defaults)
 	if cgu.ResourceID != "" {
 		if ref, ok := r.CompositeGraphicUnits[cgu.ResourceID]; ok {
 			refCopy := *ref
 			refCopy.Alpha = mergeAlpha(refCopy.Alpha, cgu.Alpha)
-			r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, refCopy, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, &currentCTM, true, clipPath)
+			r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, refCopy, pageH, defaults, &currentCTM, true, clipPath)
 		}
 	}
-	defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW = r.drawParamDefaults(cgu.DrawParam, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW)
 	if len(cgu.Objects) > 0 {
 		for _, obj := range cgu.Objects {
 			obj = mergeGraphicObjectAlpha(obj, cgu.Alpha)
-			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
+			r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, defaults, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
 		}
 		ctx.Pop()
 		return
@@ -131,31 +127,31 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx *canvas.Context, cgu Composite
 	}
 	for _, pathObj := range cgu.PathObject {
 		pathObj.Alpha = mergeAlpha(pathObj.Alpha, cgu.Alpha)
-		r.renderPath(ctx, pathObj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
+		r.renderPath(ctx, pathObj, pageH, defaults, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
 	}
 	for _, textObj := range cgu.TextObject {
 		textObj.Alpha = mergeAlpha(textObj.Alpha, cgu.Alpha)
-		r.renderText(ctx, textObj, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
+		r.renderText(ctx, textObj, pageH, defaults, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
 	}
 	for _, subCgu := range cgu.CompositeGraphicUnit {
 		subCgu.Alpha = mergeAlpha(subCgu.Alpha, cgu.Alpha)
-		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, subCgu, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
+		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, subCgu, pageH, defaults, &currentCTM, boundaryInCTM, clipPath)
 	}
 	ctx.Pop()
 }
 
 // renderObject 渲染图形对象
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 图形对象, pageH 页面高度, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
-func (r *Renderer) renderObject(ctx *canvas.Context, obj GraphicObject, pageH float64, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
+// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 图形对象, pageH 页面高度, defaults 默认绘制参数, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
+func (r *Renderer) renderObject(ctx *canvas.Context, obj GraphicObject, pageH float64, defaults *DrawParam, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
 	switch obj.Type {
 	case "TextObject":
-		r.renderText(ctx, obj.TextObject, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
+		r.renderText(ctx, obj.TextObject, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
 	case "PathObject":
-		r.renderPath(ctx, obj.PathObject, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
+		r.renderPath(ctx, obj.PathObject, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
 	case "ImageObject":
 		r.renderImage(ctx, obj.ImageObject, pageH, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
 	case "CompositeGraphicUnit", "CompositeObject":
-		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, obj.CompositeGraphicUnit, pageH, defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
+		r.renderCompositeGraphicUnit(ctx, obj.CompositeGraphicUnit, pageH, defaults, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM, parentClip)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -180,26 +176,61 @@ func mergeGraphicObjectAlpha(obj GraphicObject, alpha *int) GraphicObject {
 }
 
 // drawParamDefaults 合并绘制参数默认样式
-// 入参: id 绘制参数ID, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽
-// 返回: color.Color 默认填充色, color.Color 默认描边色, float64 默认线宽
-func (r *Renderer) drawParamDefaults(id string, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64) (color.Color, color.Color, float64) {
+// 入参: id 绘制参数ID, defaults 默认绘制参数
+// 返回: *DrawParam 合并后的绘制参数
+func (r *Renderer) drawParamDefaults(id string, defaults *DrawParam) *DrawParam {
 	if id == "" {
-		return defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW
+		return defaults
 	}
 	dp := r.getDrawParam(id, nil)
 	if dp == nil {
-		return defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW
+		return defaults
 	}
+	if defaults == nil {
+		return dp
+	}
+	return mergeDrawParam(*defaults, dp)
+}
+
+// mergeDrawParam 合并绘制参数属性
+// 入参: base 基础绘制参数, dp 覆盖绘制参数
+// 返回: *DrawParam 合并后的绘制参数
+func mergeDrawParam(base DrawParam, dp *DrawParam) *DrawParam {
 	if dp.LineWidth > 0 {
-		defaultLW = dp.LineWidth
+		base.LineWidth = dp.LineWidth
+	}
+	if dp.Join != "" {
+		base.Join = dp.Join
+	}
+	if dp.Cap != "" {
+		base.Cap = dp.Cap
+	}
+	if dp.DashPattern != "" {
+		base.DashPattern = dp.DashPattern
+		base.DashOffset = dp.DashOffset
+	}
+	if dp.MiterLimit > 0 {
+		base.MiterLimit = dp.MiterLimit
 	}
 	if dp.FillColor != nil {
-		defaultFill = r.parseFillColor(dp.FillColor)
+		base.FillColor = dp.FillColor
 	}
 	if dp.StrokeColor != nil {
-		defaultStroke = r.parseStrokeColor(dp.StrokeColor)
+		base.StrokeColor = dp.StrokeColor
 	}
-	return defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW
+	if dp.Font != "" {
+		base.Font = dp.Font
+	}
+	if dp.Size > 0 {
+		base.Size = dp.Size
+	}
+	if dp.Weight > 0 {
+		base.Weight = dp.Weight
+	}
+	if dp.Italic {
+		base.Italic = dp.Italic
+	}
+	return &base
 }
 
 // getDrawParam 获取绘制参数逻辑
@@ -219,42 +250,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) getDrawParam(id string, visited map[string]bool) *DrawParam {
 			if base == nil {
 				return dp
 			}
-			merged := *base
-			if dp.LineWidth > 0 {
-				merged.LineWidth = dp.LineWidth
-			}
-			if dp.Join != "" {
-				merged.Join = dp.Join
-			}
-			if dp.Cap != "" {
-				merged.Cap = dp.Cap
-			}
-			if dp.DashPattern != "" {
-				merged.DashPattern = dp.DashPattern
-				merged.DashOffset = dp.DashOffset
-			}
-			if dp.MiterLimit > 0 {
-				merged.MiterLimit = dp.MiterLimit
-			}
-			if dp.FillColor != nil {
-				merged.FillColor = dp.FillColor
-			}
-			if dp.StrokeColor != nil {
-				merged.StrokeColor = dp.StrokeColor
-			}
-			if dp.Font != "" {
-				merged.Font = dp.Font
-			}
-			if dp.Size > 0 {
-				merged.Size = dp.Size
-			}
-			if dp.Weight > 0 {
-				merged.Weight = dp.Weight
-			}
-			if dp.Italic {
-				merged.Italic = dp.Italic
-			}
-			return &merged
+			return mergeDrawParam(*base, dp)
 		}
 		return dp
 	}
diff --git a/ofdgo_renderer_path.go b/ofdgo_renderer_path.go
index e395b34..211e6c6 100644
--- a/ofdgo_renderer_path.go
+++ b/ofdgo_renderer_path.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const defaultPathLineWidth = 0.353
+const defaultMiterLimit = 3.528
 
 type pathStyle struct {
 	fillColor     color.Color
@@ -35,26 +36,24 @@ type pathStyle struct {
 	lineWidth     float64
 	lineCap       canvas.Capper
 	lineJoin      canvas.Joiner
+	miterLimit    float64
 	dashOffset    float64
 	dashPattern   []float64
 }
 
 // newPathStyle 创建路径样式
-// 入参: defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽, alpha 对象透明度
+// 入参: dp 默认绘制参数, bx 边界X坐标, by 边界Y坐标, pageH 页面高度, alpha 对象透明度
 // 返回: pathStyle 路径样式
-func newPathStyle(defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, alpha *int) pathStyle {
+func (r *Renderer) newPathStyle(dp *DrawParam, bx, by, pageH float64, alpha *int) pathStyle {
 	style := pathStyle{
-		fillColor:   colorWithAlpha(defaultFill, alpha),
-		strokeColor: colorWithAlpha(defaultStroke, alpha),
-		lineWidth:   defaultLW,
-		lineCap:     canvas.ButtCap,
-		lineJoin:    canvas.MiterJoin,
+		lineWidth:  defaultPathLineWidth,
+		lineCap:    canvas.ButtCap,
+		lineJoin:   canvas.MiterJoiner{GapJoiner: canvas.BevelJoin, Limit: defaultMiterLimit},
+		miterLimit: defaultMiterLimit,
 	}
-	if style.lineWidth == 0 {
-		style.lineWidth = defaultPathLineWidth
+	if dp != nil {
+		style.applyDrawParam(r, dp, bx, by, pageH, alpha)
 	}
-	style.fillPaint = style.fillColor
-	style.strokePaint = style.strokeColor
 	return style
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ func newPathStyle(defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, alp
 // 入参: r 渲染器, fill 填充颜色, bx 边界X坐标, by 边界Y坐标, pageH 页面高度, alpha 对象透明度
 func (s *pathStyle) applyFillColor(r *Renderer, fill *FillColor, bx, by, pageH float64, alpha *int) {
 	fillColorNode := withFillAlpha(fill, alpha)
-	s.fillPattern = r.parsePatternPaint(fillColorNode.Pattern, fillColorNode.Value, fillColorNode.Index, fillColorNode.ColorSpace, fillColorNode.Alpha)
+	s.fillPattern = parsePatternPaint(fillColorNode)
 	s.fillColor = r.parseFillColor(fillColorNode)
 	s.fillPaint = r.parseFillPaint(fillColorNode, bx, by, pageH)
 }
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ func (s *pathStyle) applyFillColor(r *Renderer, fill *FillColor, bx, by, pageH f
 // 入参: r 渲染器, stroke 描边颜色, bx 边界X坐标, by 边界Y坐标, pageH 页面高度, alpha 对象透明度
 func (s *pathStyle) applyStrokeColor(r *Renderer, stroke *StrokeColor, bx, by, pageH float64, alpha *int) {
 	strokeColorNode := withStrokeAlpha(stroke, alpha)
-	s.strokePattern = r.parsePatternPaint(strokeColorNode.Pattern, strokeColorNode.Value, strokeColorNode.Index, strokeColorNode.ColorSpace, strokeColorNode.Alpha)
+	s.strokePattern = parsePatternPaint((*FillColor)(strokeColorNode))
 	s.strokeColor = r.parseStrokeColor(strokeColorNode)
 	s.strokePaint = r.parseStrokePaint(strokeColorNode, bx, by, pageH)
 }
@@ -81,6 +80,8 @@ func (s *pathStyle) applyStrokeColor(r *Renderer, stroke *StrokeColor, bx, by, p
 // 返回: canvas.Capper 线帽样式
 func pathLineCap(cap string, fallback canvas.Capper) canvas.Capper {
 	switch cap {
+	case "Butt":
+		return canvas.ButtCap
 	case "Round":
 		return canvas.RoundCap
 	case "Square":
@@ -89,17 +90,23 @@ func pathLineCap(cap string, fallback canvas.Capper) canvas.Capper {
 	return fallback
 }
 
-// pathLineJoin 转换线连接样式
-// 入参: join 线连接名称, fallback 默认线连接
-// 返回: canvas.Joiner 线连接样式
-func pathLineJoin(join string, fallback canvas.Joiner) canvas.Joiner {
+// applyLineJoin 应用线连接样式及尖角限制
+// 入参: join 线连接名称, limit 尖角限制
+func (s *pathStyle) applyLineJoin(join string, limit float64) {
+	if limit > 0 {
+		s.miterLimit = limit
+	}
 	switch join {
+	case "Miter":
+		s.lineJoin = canvas.MiterJoin
 	case "Round":
-		return canvas.RoundJoin
+		s.lineJoin = canvas.RoundJoin
 	case "Bevel":
-		return canvas.BevelJoin
+		s.lineJoin = canvas.BevelJoin
+	}
+	if _, ok := s.lineJoin.(canvas.MiterJoiner); ok {
+		s.lineJoin = canvas.MiterJoiner{GapJoiner: canvas.BevelJoin, Limit: s.miterLimit}
 	}
-	return fallback
 }
 
 // applyDrawParam 应用绘制参数样式
@@ -117,9 +124,7 @@ func (s *pathStyle) applyDrawParam(r *Renderer, dp *DrawParam, bx, by, pageH flo
 	if dp.Cap != "" {
 		s.lineCap = pathLineCap(dp.Cap, s.lineCap)
 	}
-	if dp.Join != "" {
-		s.lineJoin = pathLineJoin(dp.Join, s.lineJoin)
-	}
+	s.applyLineJoin(dp.Join, dp.MiterLimit)
 	if dp.DashPattern != "" {
 		s.dashPattern = parseFloats(dp.DashPattern)
 		s.dashOffset = dp.DashOffset
@@ -141,9 +146,7 @@ func (s *pathStyle) applyPathObject(r *Renderer, obj PathObject, bx, by, pageH f
 	if obj.Cap != "" {
 		s.lineCap = pathLineCap(obj.Cap, canvas.ButtCap)
 	}
-	if obj.Join != "" {
-		s.lineJoin = pathLineJoin(obj.Join, canvas.MiterJoin)
-	}
+	s.applyLineJoin(obj.Join, obj.MiterLimit)
 	if obj.DashPattern != "" {
 		s.dashPattern = parseFloats(obj.DashPattern)
 		s.dashOffset = obj.DashOffset
@@ -163,8 +166,8 @@ func (s *pathStyle) scale(ctm Matrix) {
 }
 
 // renderPath 渲染路径
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 路径对象, pageH 页面高度, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, defaultLW 默认线宽, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
-func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, defaultLW float64, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
+// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 路径对象, pageH 页面高度, defaults 默认绘制参数, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与CTM变换, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
+func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64, defaults *DrawParam, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
 	if obj.Visible != nil && !*obj.Visible {
 		return
 	}
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64
 	if parentCTM != nil {
 		ctm = parentCTM.Multiply(ctm)
 	}
-	style := newPathStyle(defaultFill, defaultStroke, defaultLW, obj.Alpha)
+	style := r.newPathStyle(defaults, bx, by, pageH, obj.Alpha)
 	if obj.DrawParam != "" {
 		if dp := r.getDrawParam(obj.DrawParam, nil); dp != nil {
 			style.applyDrawParam(r, dp, bx, by, pageH, obj.Alpha)
@@ -188,10 +191,12 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64
 	}
 	style.applyPathObject(r, obj, bx, by, pageH)
 	style.scale(ctm)
-	patternCTM := TranslationMatrix(bx, by).Multiply(ctm)
+	objectCTM := TranslationMatrix(bx, by).Multiply(ctm)
 	if boundaryInCTM && parentCTM != nil {
-		patternCTM = parentCTM.Multiply(TranslationMatrix(bx, by)).Multiply(localCTM)
+		objectCTM = parentCTM.Multiply(TranslationMatrix(bx, by)).Multiply(localCTM)
 	}
+	transformShdPaint(style.fillPaint, parentCTM, bx, by, pageH, boundaryInCTM)
+	transformShdPaint(style.strokePaint, parentCTM, bx, by, pageH, boundaryInCTM)
 	pathCTM := ctm
 	if boundaryInCTM {
 		pathCTM = localCTM
@@ -231,7 +236,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64
 			fp = applyClipPath(fp, fillClip)
 		}
 		if style.fillPattern != nil {
-			r.renderPattern(ctx, style.fillPattern, pageH, fp, patternCTM)
+			r.renderPattern(ctx, style.fillPattern, pageH, fp, objectCTM)
 		} else if style.fillPaint != nil {
 			ctx.SetFillRule(fillRule)
 			ctx.SetFill(fillPaint)
@@ -268,7 +273,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPath(ctx *canvas.Context, obj PathObject, pageH float64
 			sp = sp.Stroke(style.lineWidth, style.lineCap, style.lineJoin, canvas.Tolerance)
 			sp = applyClipPath(sp, strokeClip)
 			if style.strokePattern != nil {
-				r.renderPattern(ctx, style.strokePattern, pageH, sp, patternCTM)
+				r.renderPattern(ctx, style.strokePattern, pageH, sp, objectCTM)
 			} else {
 				ctx.SetFill(strokePaint)
 				ctx.SetStrokeColor(canvas.Transparent)
@@ -330,6 +335,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPattern(ctx *canvas.Context, pattern *patternPaint, pag
 	endX := int(math.Ceil(maxX/xStep)) + 1
 	startY := int(math.Floor(minY/yStep)) - 1
 	endY := int(math.Ceil(maxY/yStep)) + 1
+	defaults := &DrawParam{FillColor: &pattern.color, StrokeColor: (*StrokeColor)(&pattern.color)}
 	for ix := startX; ix <= endX; ix++ {
 		for iy := startY; iy <= endY; iy++ {
 			tileCTM := patternCTM.Multiply(TranslationMatrix(float64(ix)*xStep, float64(iy)*yStep))
@@ -341,7 +347,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderPattern(ctx *canvas.Context, pattern *patternPaint, pag
 			}
 			for _, obj := range pattern.CellContent.Objects {
 				obj = mergeGraphicObjectAlpha(obj, pattern.alpha)
-				r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, pattern.color, pattern.color, 0, &tileCTM, true, clip)
+				r.renderObject(ctx, obj, pageH, defaults, &tileCTM, true, clip)
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/ofdgo_renderer_text.go b/ofdgo_renderer_text.go
index 39bbc8a..7c8d28f 100644
--- a/ofdgo_renderer_text.go
+++ b/ofdgo_renderer_text.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 package ofdgo
 
 import (
-	"image/color"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/tdewolff/canvas"
@@ -24,8 +23,8 @@ import (
 const ptPerMM = 72.0 / 25.4
 
 // renderText 渲染文本
-// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 文本对象, pageH 页面高度, defaultFill 默认填充色, defaultStroke 默认描边色, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与父级CTM, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
-func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64, defaultFill, defaultStroke color.Color, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
+// 入参: ctx 画布上下文, obj 文本对象, pageH 页面高度, defaults 默认绘制参数, parentCTM 父级CTM, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与父级CTM, parentClip 父级裁剪路径
+func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64, defaults *DrawParam, parentCTM *Matrix, boundaryInCTM bool, parentClip *canvas.Path) {
 	if obj.Visible != nil && !*obj.Visible {
 		return
 	}
@@ -46,6 +45,10 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 	if parentCTM != nil {
 		ctm = parentCTM.Multiply(ctm)
 	}
+	objectCTM := TranslationMatrix(bx, by).Multiply(ctm)
+	if boundaryInCTM && parentCTM != nil {
+		objectCTM = parentCTM.Multiply(TranslationMatrix(bx, by)).Multiply(localCTM)
+	}
 	clipPath := intersectClipPath(parentClip, r.buildObjectClipPath(obj.Clips, pageH, bx, by, localCTM, parentCTM, boundaryInCTM))
 	var dp *DrawParam
 	if obj.DrawParam != "" {
@@ -71,13 +74,13 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 		sizeMM *= scale
 	}
 	sizePt := sizeMM * ptPerMM
-	fillColor := colorWithAlpha(defaultFill, obj.Alpha)
-	if fillColor == nil {
-		fillColor = colorWithAlpha(canvas.Black, obj.Alpha)
-	}
+	fillColor := colorWithAlpha(canvas.Black, obj.Alpha)
 	var fillPaint any = fillColor
 	var fillPattern *patternPaint
 	var fillColorNode *FillColor
+	if defaults != nil {
+		fillColorNode = defaults.FillColor
+	}
 	if dp != nil && dp.FillColor != nil {
 		fillColorNode = dp.FillColor
 	}
@@ -88,17 +91,19 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 		fillColorNode = withFillAlpha(fillColorNode, obj.Alpha)
 		fillColor = r.parseFillColor(fillColorNode)
 		fillPaint = r.parseFillPaint(fillColorNode, bx, by, pageH)
-		fillPattern = r.parsePatternPaint(fillColorNode.Pattern, fillColorNode.Value, fillColorNode.Index, fillColorNode.ColorSpace, fillColorNode.Alpha)
+		fillPattern = parsePatternPaint(fillColorNode)
 	}
 	if fillPaint == nil {
 		fillPaint = fillColor
 	}
+	transformShdPaint(fillPaint, parentCTM, bx, by, pageH, boundaryInCTM)
 	fillPaint, shadingClip, fillView := resolveShdPaint(ctx, fillPaint)
 	fillClip := intersectClipPath(clipPath, shadingClip)
-	strokeStyle := newPathStyle(nil, defaultStroke, 0, obj.Alpha)
+	var strokeStyle pathStyle
 	strokeClip := clipPath
 	strokeView := canvas.Identity
 	if shouldStroke {
+		strokeStyle = r.newPathStyle(defaults, bx, by, pageH, obj.Alpha)
 		if dp != nil {
 			strokeStyle.applyDrawParam(r, dp, bx, by, pageH, obj.Alpha)
 		}
@@ -108,17 +113,15 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 		if obj.LineWidth > 0 {
 			strokeStyle.lineWidth = obj.LineWidth
 		}
+		strokeStyle.applyLineJoin(obj.Join, obj.MiterLimit)
 		if strokeStyle.strokePaint == nil {
 			strokeStyle.strokePaint = colorWithAlpha(canvas.Black, obj.Alpha)
 		}
 		strokeStyle.scale(ctm)
+		transformShdPaint(strokeStyle.strokePaint, parentCTM, bx, by, pageH, boundaryInCTM)
 		strokeStyle.strokePaint, shadingClip, strokeView = resolveShdPaint(ctx, strokeStyle.strokePaint)
 		strokeClip = intersectClipPath(strokeClip, shadingClip)
 	}
-	patternCTM := TranslationMatrix(bx, by).Multiply(ctm)
-	if boundaryInCTM && parentCTM != nil {
-		patternCTM = parentCTM.Multiply(TranslationMatrix(bx, by)).Multiply(localCTM)
-	}
 	fontStyle := canvas.FontRegular
 	weight := obj.Weight
 	if weight == 0 && dp != nil && dp.Weight > 0 {
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 				}
 				path := glyphPath.Copy().Transform(transform.Scale(scaleX, 1))
 				if shouldFill && fillPattern != nil {
-					r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, applyClipPath(path.Copy(), fillClip), patternCTM)
+					r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, applyClipPath(path.Copy(), fillClip), objectCTM)
 				} else if shouldFill && fillPaint != nil {
 					ctx.SetFill(fillPaint)
 					ctx.SetStrokeColor(canvas.Transparent)
@@ -259,7 +262,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 				path = path.Stroke(strokeStyle.lineWidth, strokeStyle.lineCap, strokeStyle.lineJoin, canvas.Tolerance)
 				path = applyClipPath(path, strokeClip)
 				if strokeStyle.strokePattern != nil {
-					r.renderPattern(ctx, strokeStyle.strokePattern, pageH, path, patternCTM)
+					r.renderPattern(ctx, strokeStyle.strokePattern, pageH, path, objectCTM)
 				} else {
 					ctx.SetFill(strokeStyle.strokePaint)
 					ctx.SetStrokeColor(canvas.Transparent)
@@ -271,12 +274,12 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 					underline.LineTo(glyphWidth*scaleX, -sizeMM*0.1)
 					underline = underline.Stroke(sizeMM*0.05, canvas.ButtCap, canvas.MiterJoin, canvas.Tolerance)
 					if shouldFill && fillPattern != nil {
-						r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), clipPath), patternCTM)
+						r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), clipPath), objectCTM)
 					} else if shouldFill {
 						ctx.SetFillColor(fillColor)
 						ctx.DrawPath(0, 0, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), clipPath))
 					} else if strokeStyle.strokePattern != nil {
-						r.renderPattern(ctx, strokeStyle.strokePattern, pageH, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), strokeClip), patternCTM)
+						r.renderPattern(ctx, strokeStyle.strokePattern, pageH, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), strokeClip), objectCTM)
 					} else {
 						drawShdPath(ctx, applyClipPath(underline.Transform(transform), strokeClip), strokeView)
 					}
@@ -297,7 +300,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 					}
 					glyphPath = applyClipPath(glyphPath.Copy().Transform(textTransform.Scale(scaleX, 1)), fillClip)
 					if fillPattern != nil {
-						r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, glyphPath, patternCTM)
+						r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, glyphPath, objectCTM)
 					} else {
 						drawShdPath(ctx, glyphPath, fillView)
 					}
@@ -310,7 +313,7 @@ func (r *Renderer) renderText(ctx *canvas.Context, obj TextObject, pageH float64
 						underline = underline.Stroke(uw, canvas.ButtCap, canvas.MiterJoin, canvas.Tolerance)
 						underline = applyClipPath(underline.Transform(textTransform), clipPath)
 						if fillPattern != nil {
-							r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, underline, patternCTM)
+							r.renderPattern(ctx, fillPattern, pageH, underline, objectCTM)
 						} else {
 							ctx.SetFillColor(fillColor)
 							ctx.SetStrokeColor(canvas.Transparent)
diff --git a/ofdgo_shading.go b/ofdgo_shading.go
index 7d44e46..9fb2728 100644
--- a/ofdgo_shading.go
+++ b/ofdgo_shading.go
@@ -56,15 +56,22 @@ func resolveShdPaint(ctx *canvas.Context, paint any) (any, *canvas.Path, canvas.
 	if !ok {
 		return paint, nil, canvas.Identity
 	}
+	if canvas.Equal(s.view.Det(), 0) {
+		return nil, &canvas.Path{}, canvas.Identity
+	}
 	switch g := s.gradient.(type) {
 	case *canvas.LinearGradient:
-		clip := axialShdClip(ctx, g, s.extend)
+		bounds := shdCanvasBounds(ctx).Transform(s.view.Inv())
+		clip := axialShdClip(g, s.extend, bounds)
+		if clip != nil && s.view != canvas.Identity {
+			clip = clip.Transform(s.view)
+		}
 		if s.mapType != "Reflect" {
 			return g, clip, s.view
 		}
 		d := g.End.Sub(g.Start)
 		axis := canvas.Matrix{{d.X, -d.Y, g.Start.X}, {d.Y, d.X, g.Start.Y}}
-		area := shdCanvasBounds(ctx).Transform(axis.Inv())
+		area := bounds.Transform(axis.Inv())
 		lo, hi := s.rangeLimits(area.X0, area.X1)
 		if hi <= lo {
 			return g, &canvas.Path{}, s.view
@@ -108,6 +115,23 @@ func resolveShdPaint(ctx *canvas.Context, paint any) (any, *canvas.Path, canvas.
 	return s.gradient, nil, s.view
 }
 
+// transformShdPaint 应用渐变的父级坐标变换
+// 入参: paint 画刷, parentCTM 父级变换矩阵, bx 边界X坐标, by 边界Y坐标, pageH 页面高度, boundaryInCTM 边界是否参与父级变换
+func transformShdPaint(paint any, parentCTM *Matrix, bx, by, pageH float64, boundaryInCTM bool) {
+	s, ok := paint.(*shdPaint)
+	if !ok || parentCTM == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ctm := *parentCTM
+	if !boundaryInCTM {
+		ctm = TranslationMatrix(bx, by).Multiply(ctm).Multiply(TranslationMatrix(-bx, -by))
+	}
+	s.view = canvas.Matrix{
+		{ctm.a, -ctm.c, ctm.c*pageH + ctm.e},
+		{-ctm.b, ctm.d, pageH*(1-ctm.d) - ctm.f},
+	}.Mul(s.view)
+}
+
 // drawShdPath 绘制渐变路径并保持图形轮廓不变
 // 入参: ctx 画布上下文, path 填充路径, view 渐变变换
 func drawShdPath(ctx *canvas.Context, path *canvas.Path, view canvas.Matrix) {